Eyewitness Memory Lab
Research Articles
2021 - 2025
Fitzgerald, R. J., Hyman, I. E., & Wade, K. A. (2025). Error rates for high confidence eyewitness identifications. Memory. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2025.2546919
Lindsay, D. S., Wixted, J. T., Fitzgerald, R. J., Hyman, I. E., Mickes, L., & Wade, K. A. (2025). Eyewitness suspect identification: Six claims regarding the state of the science. Memory. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2025.2551222
Juncu, S., Fitzgerald, R. J., Blank, H., & Ost, J. (2025). Registered Report: Contextual effects on prospective person memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218251323820
pdf | data | preregistration
Kruisselbrink, E. D., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2025). The contaminating effect of social media on eyewitness memory. Applied Police Briefings, 1, 16-18. https://doi.org/10.22215/apb.v1i1.5224
Fitzgerald, R. J., Rubínová, E., Ribbers, E., & Juncu, S. (2025). Eyewitness Lineup Identity (ELI) database: Crime videos and mugshots for eyewitness identification research. Behavior Research Methods, 57, 63. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02585-z
pdf | data | access the ELI stimulus database
Smith, A. M., Ying, R. C., Goldstein, A. R., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2024). Absolute-judgment models better predict eyewitness decision-making than do relative-judgment models. Cognition, 251, 105877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105877
pdf | data | preregistration | online supplemental materials
Price, H. L., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2024). Reflector variables in augmented reality lineups: Assessing eyewitness identification reliability in children and adults with confidence, response time, and proximity to the lineup. PLOS ONE, 19, e0308757. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308757
Yuen, C. N. & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2024). Methodological improvements for studying face matching on border control tasks. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 38, e4241. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4241
pdf | data | preregistration | online supplemental materials
Tredoux, C. G., Fitzgerald, R. J., Allan, A., & Nortje, A. (2024). Identification parades in South Africa – Time for a change? South African Law Journal, 141, 84-111. https://doi.org/10.47348/SALJ/v141/i1a5
pdf
Fitzgerald, R. J., Tredoux, C. G., & Juncu, S. (2023). Estimation of eyewitness error rates in fair and biased lineups. Law and Human Behavior, 4, 463-483. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000538
pdf | data | stimuli | preregistration | online supplemental materials
Kruisselbrink, E. D., Fitzgerald, R. J., & Bernstein, D. M. (2023). The impact of viewing social media images on eyewitness identification. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 29, 457–470. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000401
pdf | data | Exp 1 preregistration | Exp 2 preregistration
Yuen, C., & Fitzgerald, R. J., & Juncu, S. (2023). Catching crime at the border: Prospective person memory and face matching in border control decisions. Memory, 31, 1218-1231. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2023.2250162
pdf | data
Cecconello, W., Fitzgerald, R. J., Milne, R., & Stein, L. M. (2023). Mind the gap: Bridging evidence-based witness identification procedures to practice through police training. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 25, 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1177/14613557231159543
pdf
Price, H. L., Sykes Tottenham, L., Hatin, B., Fitzgerald, R. J., & Rubínová, E. (2022). Effects of stress on eyewitness identification in the laboratory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 36, 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3910
Cecconello, W., Fitzgerald, R. J., & Stein, L. M. (2022). Efeitos do alinhamento justo e similaridade de rostos no reconhecimento de pessoas [Effects of lineup fairness and face similarity in person recognition]. Psico-USF, 27, 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270114
Cecconello, W., Fitzgerald, R. J., Milne, R., & Stein, L. M. (2022). Capacitar profissionais, proteger provas, evitar injustiças: Treinamento de reconhecimento de pessoas para à Polícia Civil [Training professionals, protecting evidence, avoiding injustice: Person recognition training for the Civil Police]. In R. Schietti Cruz, M. Pereira Martins, L. Geraldo Sant'Ana Lanfredi (Eds.) Reflexões sobre o reconhecimento de pessoas: Caminhos para o aprimoramento do sistema de justiça criminal. Conselho Nacional de Justiça.
Fitzgerald, R. J., Rubínová, E., & Juncu, S. (2021). Eyewitness identification around the world. In A. M. Smith, M. P. Toglia, & J. M. Lampinen (Eds.), Methods, measures, and theories in eyewitness identification tasks (pp. 294-322). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003138105-16
pdf | data
Juncu, S., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2021). A meta-analysis of lineup size effects on eyewitness identification. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 27, 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/law0000311
pdf | data | online supplemental materials
Rubínová, E., Fitzgerald, R. J., Juncu, S., Ribbers, E., Hope, L., & Sauer, J. D. (2021). Live presentation for eyewitness identification is not superior to photo or video presentation. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 10, 167-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.08.009
pdf | data | online supplemental materials
Hope, L., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2021). Eyewitness testimony. In D. A. Crighton & G. J. Towl (Eds.), Forensic psychology (3rd ed., pp. 36-65). Wiley.
Horry, R., Fitzgerald, R. J., & Mansour, J. K. (2021). “Only your first yes will count” – The impact of pre-lineup instructions on sequential lineup decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied.
https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000337
2016 - 2020
Juncu, S., Blank, H., Fitzgerald, R. J., & Hope, L. (2020). Do image variability and names in missing person appeals improve prospective person memory? Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 9, 410-418.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.07.001
Porter, C. N., Morrison, E., Fitzgerald, R. J., Taylor, R., & Harvey, A. C. (2020). Lie-detection by strategy manipulation: Developing an Asymmetric Information Management (AIM) technique. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2, 232-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.01.004
Rubínová, E., Blank, H., Ost, J., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2020). Structured word-lists as a model of basic schemata: Deviations from content and order in a repeated event paradigm. Memory, 28, 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1712421
pdf | data | online supplemental materials
Price, H. L., Harvey, M. B., Anderson, S. F., Chadwick, L., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2019). Evidence for the belief in live lineup superiority. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 34, 263-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9305-x
Woiwod, D. M., Fitzgerald, R. J., Sheahan, C. L., Price, H. L., & Connolly, D. A. (2019). A meta-analysis of differences in children’s reports of single and repeated events. Law and Human Behavior, 43, 99-116. http://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000312
pdf | data | online supplemental materials
Fitzgerald, R. J., Price, H. L., & Valentine, T. (2018). Eyewitness identification: Live, photo, and video lineups. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 24, 307-325. http://doi.org/10.1037/law0000164
Oriet, C., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2018). The single lineup paradigm: A new way to manipulate target presence in eyewitness identification experiments. Law and Human Behavior, 42, 1-12. http://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000272
pdf | data | online supplemental materials
Bruer, K., Fitzgerald, R. J., Price, H. L., & Sauer, J. (2017). How sure are you that this is the man you saw? Child witnesses can use confidence judgments to identify a target. Law and Human Behavior, 41, 541-555. http://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000260
Price, H. L., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2016). Face-off: A new identification procedure for child eyewitnesses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22, 366-380. http://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000091
pdf | online supplemental materials
Fitzgerald, R. J., Oriet, C., & Price, H. L. (2016). Change blindness and eyewitness identification: Effects on accuracy and confidence. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 21, 189-201. http://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12044
Valentine, T., & Fitzgerald, R. J. (2016). Identifying the Culprit: An international perspective on the National Academy of Sciences report on eyewitness identification evidence. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 30, 135-138. http://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3164
2011 - 2015
Fitzgerald, R. J., & Price, H. L. (2015). Eyewitness identification across the lifespan: A meta-analysis of age differences. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 1228-1265. http://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000013
Bruer, K., Fitzgerald, R. J., Therrien, N. M., & Price, H. L. (2015). Lineup member similarity influences the effectiveness of a salient rejection option for eyewitnesses. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law, 22, 124-133. http://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2014.919688
Fitzgerald, R. J., Oriet, C., & Price, H. L. (2015). Suspect-filler similarity in eyewitness lineups: A literature review and a novel methodology. Law and Human Behavior, 39, 62-74. http://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000095
Fitzgerald, R. J., Whiting, B. F., Therrien, N. M., & Price, H. L. (2014). Lineup member similarity effects on children’s eyewitness identification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 409-418. http://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3012
Fitzgerald, R. J., Price, H. L., & Oriet, C. (2013). Intentionally forgetting other-race faces: Costs and benefits? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 19, 130-142. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0033287
Fitzgerald, R. J., Price, H. L., Oriet, C., & Charman, S. D. (2013). The effect of suspect-filler similarity on eyewitness identification decisions: A meta-analysis. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 19, 151-164. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0030618
pdf | data (main effects) | data (moderator: simultaneous vs sequential)
Fitzgerald, R. J., Price, H. L., & Connolly, D. A. (2012). Anxious and nonanxious children’s face identification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 585-593. http://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2833
Fitzgerald, R. J., Oriet, C., & Price, H. L. (2011). Change detection inflates confidence on a subsequent recognition task. Memory, 19, 879-890. http://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2011.613843